Acidity & acid reflux (GERD): causes, relief and red flags
Acidity and acid reflux happen when stomach acid flows back into the food pipe, causing a burning feeling in the chest or throat. Occasional acidity is common; frequent reflux may be GERD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease).
Common triggers
Spicy or oily food, large or late meals, tea, coffee, alcohol, smoking, being overweight, stress and lying down soon after eating are common triggers of acidity and reflux.
What helps
Eat smaller meals, avoid lying down for 2–3 hours after eating, cut trigger foods, raise the head of your bed, maintain a healthy weight and manage stress. Over-the-counter antacids may give short-term relief.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if acidity is frequent (more than twice a week), or you have difficulty swallowing, food sticking, weight loss, vomiting or black stools. Chest pain can also be cardiac — seek urgent care if it comes with sweating, breathlessness or arm/jaw pain.
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Frequently asked questions
Is acidity the same as a heart attack?
No, but severe chest pain can be cardiac. If chest pain comes with sweating, breathlessness or arm/jaw pain, treat it as an emergency.
How can I prevent acid reflux at night?
Avoid heavy or late dinners, don't lie down for 2–3 hours after eating, and raise the head of your bed slightly.
When should acidity be investigated?
Frequent reflux, difficulty swallowing, weight loss or black stools need a doctor's assessment and possibly an endoscopy.
This guide is general health information and not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult a qualified doctor for your specific situation. In an emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest hospital.