Common cold & cough: symptoms, care and when to worry
The common cold is a mild viral infection of the nose and throat. A runny nose, sneezing, sore throat and cough are typical and usually improve within a week to ten days. A cough can linger a little longer as the airways recover.
Typical symptoms
Blocked or runny nose, sneezing, sore or scratchy throat, mild cough, watery eyes and sometimes a low-grade fever and tiredness. Symptoms build over a day or two and then ease off.
What helps at home
Rest, warm fluids, steam inhalation and saline nasal drops can ease congestion. Honey in warm water may soothe a cough in adults. Wash your hands often and cover coughs to avoid spreading the infection to others.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if a cough lasts more than 3 weeks, you have breathlessness, wheezing, chest pain, high or persistent fever, coughing up blood, or if symptoms are severe in someone elderly or with asthma, heart or lung disease.
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Frequently asked questions
How long does a cold last?
Most colds settle within 7–10 days, though a mild cough can linger a bit longer while the airways heal.
When is a cough serious?
A cough lasting over 3 weeks, or one with breathlessness, chest pain, blood or high fever, should be checked by a doctor.
Do I need antibiotics for a cold?
No. Colds are viral, so antibiotics do not help. A doctor will advise if a secondary bacterial infection develops.
This guide is general health information and not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult a qualified doctor for your specific situation. In an emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest hospital.