Thyroid problems: hypothyroidism vs hyperthyroidism
The thyroid is a small gland in your neck that controls metabolism. When it makes too little hormone (hypothyroidism) or too much (hyperthyroidism), it affects energy, weight, mood and many body functions. Thyroid problems are common and very treatable.
Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
Common signs include tiredness, weight gain, feeling cold, dry skin, constipation, low mood and irregular periods. It is often diagnosed with a simple blood test and managed with hormone replacement.
Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
Common signs include weight loss despite good appetite, a fast or irregular heartbeat, feeling hot and sweaty, anxiety, tremor and disturbed sleep. It also needs medical assessment and treatment.
When to get tested
See a doctor if you have persistent tiredness, unexplained weight change, a swelling in the neck, palpitations, or menstrual changes. A blood test (TSH and related hormones) usually confirms the diagnosis.
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Frequently asked questions
How is a thyroid problem diagnosed?
A simple blood test measuring TSH and thyroid hormones usually confirms whether the thyroid is under- or over-active.
Are thyroid problems serious?
Untreated thyroid disorders can affect the heart, weight and mood, but they are very treatable once diagnosed.
Which doctor treats thyroid issues?
A general physician or endocrinologist. You can begin with an online consultation to arrange the right tests.
This guide is general health information and not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult a qualified doctor for your specific situation. In an emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest hospital.